18 Jan 2013
Pharmacology Flash cards
ATI Flash Cards 01, Overview.doc (133.5 KB, 10127 views)
13 Jan 2013
Risk for Infection Care Plan COPD
Risk for Infection NANDA Definition: At increased risk for being invaded by pathogenic organisms
COPD or Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most common lung diseases. It makes it difficult to breathe. There are two main forms of COPD:
- Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucus
- Emphysema, which involves destruction of the lungs over time
- Most people with COPD have a combination of both conditions.
Symptoms
- Cough, with or without mucus
- Fatigue
- Many respiratory infections
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea) that gets worse with mild activity
- Trouble catching one's breath
- Wheezing
The diagnosis of COPD requires lung function tests. Important management strategies are smoking cessation, vaccinations, rehabilitation, and drug therapy (often using inhalers). Some patients go on to require long-term oxygen therapy or lung transplantation.
Risk factors may include :
- Inadequate acquired immunity (tissue destruction, increased environmental exposure)
- Inadequate primary defenses (decreased ciliary action, stasis of secretions)
- Malnutrition
- Chronic disease process
Outcomes :
- Remains free from symptoms of infection
- States symptoms of infection of which to be aware
- Demonstrates appropriate care of infection-prone site
- Maintains white blood cell count and differential within normal limits
- Demonstrates appropriate hygienic measures such as hand washing, oral care, and perineal care
Nursing Care Plan for COPD - Nursing Diagnosis : Risk for Infection
Interventions and Rationale :
1. Monitor temperature
R : Fever may be present because of infection and/or dehydration.
2. Observe color, character, odor of sputum.
R : Odorous, yellow, or greenish secretions suggest the presence of pulmonary infection.
3. Review importance of breathing exercises, effective cough, frequent position changes, and adequate fluid intake.
R : These activities promote mobilization and expectoration of secretions to reduce risk of developing pulmonary infection.
4. Encourage balance between activity and rest.
R : Reduces oxygen consumption/demand imbalance, and improves patient’s resistance to infection, promoting healing.
5. Monitor visitors; provide masks as indicated.
R : Reduces potential for exposure to infectious illnesses, e.g., upper respiratory infection (URI).
6. Obtain sputum specimen by deep coughing or suctioning for Gram’s stain, culture/sensitivity.
R : Done to identify causative organism and susceptibility to various antimicrobials.
7. Discuss need for adequate nutritional intake.
R : Malnutrition can affect general well-being and lower resistance to infection
6 Jan 2013
SIDE EFFECTS OF NEBULIZER USE
A nebulizer is a machine that delivers medication to your lungs. Most of the time, nebulizers are used by people with asthma, bronchitis, or other lung diseases or conditions. The side effects that you may experience when using a nebulizer are caused by the medications used, not the nebulizer itself. Side effects from asthma medications can range from mild to very serious.
Anaphylaxis
Rarely, the medications used in nebulizers can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing; and trouble swallowing. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 or seek emergency care immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
Nervousness
Some of the medications used in nebulizers, such as albuterol, can cause nervousness, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and shakiness. Let your doctor know if these side effects are bothering you, as your medication or dosage may need to be changed.
Mouth Problems
The act of inhaling the medication through a nebulizer can cause dry mouth, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth or hoarseness. Sometimes, nebulizers can cause thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Symptoms of thrush include white spots in the mouth, bleeding and pain. Tell your doctor if these effects are occurring.
Worsening of Asthma Symptoms
Sometimes asthma medications can cause a worsening of your asthma symptoms. If you find yourself needing your nebulizer more often, or if you are experiencing increased shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, contact your doctor right away.
SIDE EFFECTS OF NEBULIZER USE
A nebulizer is a machine that delivers medication to your lungs. Most of the time, nebulizers are used by people with asthma, bronchitis, or other lung diseases or conditions. The side effects that you may experience when using a nebulizer are caused by the medications used, not the nebulizer itself. Side effects from asthma medications can range from mild to very serious.
Anaphylaxis
Rarely, the medications used in nebulizers can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing; and trouble swallowing. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 or seek emergency care immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
Nervousness
Some of the medications used in nebulizers, such as albuterol, can cause nervousness, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and shakiness. Let your doctor know if these side effects are bothering you, as your medication or dosage may need to be changed.
Mouth Problems
The act of inhaling the medication through a nebulizer can cause dry mouth, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth or hoarseness. Sometimes, nebulizers can cause thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Symptoms of thrush include white spots in the mouth, bleeding and pain. Tell your doctor if these effects are occurring.
Worsening of Asthma Symptoms
Sometimes asthma medications can cause a worsening of your asthma symptoms. If you find yourself needing your nebulizer more often, or if you are experiencing increased shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, contact your doctor right away.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/23178-side-effects-nebulizer-use/#ixzz2H8mpcpRb
SIDE EFFECTS OF NEBULIZER USE
A nebulizer is a machine that delivers medication to your lungs. Most of the time, nebulizers are used by people with asthma, bronchitis, or other lung diseases or conditions. The side effects that you may experience when using a nebulizer are caused by the medications used, not the nebulizer itself. Side effects from asthma medications can range from mild to very serious.
Anaphylaxis
Rarely, the medications used in nebulizers can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing; and trouble swallowing. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 or seek emergency care immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
Nervousness
Some of the medications used in nebulizers, such as albuterol, can cause nervousness, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and shakiness. Let your doctor know if these side effects are bothering you, as your medication or dosage may need to be changed.
Mouth Problems
The act of inhaling the medication through a nebulizer can cause dry mouth, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth or hoarseness. Sometimes, nebulizers can cause thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Symptoms of thrush include white spots in the mouth, bleeding and pain. Tell your doctor if these effects are occurring.
Worsening of Asthma Symptoms
Sometimes asthma medications can cause a worsening of your asthma symptoms. If you find yourself needing your nebulizer more often, or if you are experiencing increased shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, contact your doctor right away.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/23178-side-effects-nebulizer-use/#ixzz2H8mpcpRb
SIDE EFFECTS OF NEBULIZER USE
A nebulizer is a machine that delivers medication to your lungs. Most of the time, nebulizers are used by people with asthma, bronchitis, or other lung diseases or conditions. The side effects that you may experience when using a nebulizer are caused by the medications used, not the nebulizer itself. Side effects from asthma medications can range from mild to very serious.
Anaphylaxis
Rarely, the medications used in nebulizers can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing; and trouble swallowing. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 or seek emergency care immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
Nervousness
Some of the medications used in nebulizers, such as albuterol, can cause nervousness, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and shakiness. Let your doctor know if these side effects are bothering you, as your medication or dosage may need to be changed.
Mouth Problems
The act of inhaling the medication through a nebulizer can cause dry mouth, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth or hoarseness. Sometimes, nebulizers can cause thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Symptoms of thrush include white spots in the mouth, bleeding and pain. Tell your doctor if these effects are occurring.
Worsening of Asthma Symptoms
Sometimes asthma medications can cause a worsening of your asthma symptoms. If you find yourself needing your nebulizer more often, or if you are experiencing increased shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, contact your doctor right away.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/23178-side-effects-nebulizer-use/#ixzz2H8mpcpRb
SIDE EFFECTS OF NEBULIZER USE
A nebulizer is a machine that delivers medication to your lungs. Most of the time, nebulizers are used by people with asthma, bronchitis, or other lung diseases or conditions. The side effects that you may experience when using a nebulizer are caused by the medications used, not the nebulizer itself. Side effects from asthma medications can range from mild to very serious.
Anaphylaxis
Rarely, the medications used in nebulizers can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing; and trouble swallowing. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 or seek emergency care immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
Nervousness
Some of the medications used in nebulizers, such as albuterol, can cause nervousness, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and shakiness. Let your doctor know if these side effects are bothering you, as your medication or dosage may need to be changed.
Mouth Problems
The act of inhaling the medication through a nebulizer can cause dry mouth, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth or hoarseness. Sometimes, nebulizers can cause thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Symptoms of thrush include white spots in the mouth, bleeding and pain. Tell your doctor if these effects are occurring.
Worsening of Asthma Symptoms
Sometimes asthma medications can cause a worsening of your asthma symptoms. If you find yourself needing your nebulizer more often, or if you are experiencing increased shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, contact your doctor right away.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/23178-side-effects-nebulizer-use/#ixzz2H8mpcpRb
SIDE EFFECTS OF NEBULIZER USE
A nebulizer is a machine that delivers medication to your lungs. Most of the time, nebulizers are used by people with asthma, bronchitis, or other lung diseases or conditions. The side effects that you may experience when using a nebulizer are caused by the medications used, not the nebulizer itself. Side effects from asthma medications can range from mild to very serious.
Anaphylaxis
Rarely, the medications used in nebulizers can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing; and trouble swallowing. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 or seek emergency care immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
Nervousness
Some of the medications used in nebulizers, such as albuterol, can cause nervousness, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and shakiness. Let your doctor know if these side effects are bothering you, as your medication or dosage may need to be changed.
Mouth Problems
The act of inhaling the medication through a nebulizer can cause dry mouth, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth or hoarseness. Sometimes, nebulizers can cause thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Symptoms of thrush include white spots in the mouth, bleeding and pain. Tell your doctor if these effects are occurring.
Worsening of Asthma Symptoms
Sometimes asthma medications can cause a worsening of your asthma symptoms. If you find yourself needing your nebulizer more often, or if you are experiencing increased shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, contact your doctor right away.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/23178-side-effects-nebulizer-use/#ixzz2H8mpcpRb
SIDE EFFECTS OF NEBULIZER USE
A nebulizer is a machine that delivers medication to your lungs. Most of the time, nebulizers are used by people with asthma, bronchitis, or other lung diseases or conditions. The side effects that you may experience when using a nebulizer are caused by the medications used, not the nebulizer itself. Side effects from asthma medications can range from mild to very serious.
Anaphylaxis
Rarely, the medications used in nebulizers can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing; and trouble swallowing. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 or seek emergency care immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
Nervousness
Some of the medications used in nebulizers, such as albuterol, can cause nervousness, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and shakiness. Let your doctor know if these side effects are bothering you, as your medication or dosage may need to be changed.
Mouth Problems
The act of inhaling the medication through a nebulizer can cause dry mouth, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth or hoarseness. Sometimes, nebulizers can cause thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Symptoms of thrush include white spots in the mouth, bleeding and pain. Tell your doctor if these effects are occurring.
Worsening of Asthma Symptoms
Sometimes asthma medications can cause a worsening of your asthma symptoms. If you find yourself needing your nebulizer more often, or if you are experiencing increased shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, contact your doctor right away.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/23178-side-effects-nebulizer-use/#ixzz2H8mpcpRb
SIDE EFFECTS OF NEBULIZER USE
A nebulizer is a machine that delivers medication to your lungs. Most of the time, nebulizers are used by people with asthma, bronchitis, or other lung diseases or conditions. The side effects that you may experience when using a nebulizer are caused by the medications used, not the nebulizer itself. Side effects from asthma medications can range from mild to very serious.
Anaphylaxis
Rarely, the medications used in nebulizers can cause a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling or tingling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing; and trouble swallowing. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 or seek emergency care immediately if you experience any of these symptoms.
Nervousness
Some of the medications used in nebulizers, such as albuterol, can cause nervousness, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness and shakiness. Let your doctor know if these side effects are bothering you, as your medication or dosage may need to be changed.
Mouth Problems
The act of inhaling the medication through a nebulizer can cause dry mouth, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth or hoarseness. Sometimes, nebulizers can cause thrush, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. Symptoms of thrush include white spots in the mouth, bleeding and pain. Tell your doctor if these effects are occurring.
Worsening of Asthma Symptoms
Sometimes asthma medications can cause a worsening of your asthma symptoms. If you find yourself needing your nebulizer more often, or if you are experiencing increased shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, contact your doctor right away.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/23178-side-effects-nebulizer-use/#ixzz2H8mpcpRb
IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE INHL USES
Ipratropium is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD which includes bronchitis and emphysema). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.
For preventing symptoms of lung disease, this medication must be used regularly to be effective. Use your quick-relief inhaler or nebulized solution (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) for wheezing or sudden shortness of breath unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Ipratropium does not work as fast as your quick-relief medication, but may sometimes be used together with your quick-relief medication to relieve symptoms of wheezing or sudden shortness of breath if so prescribed by your doctor.
OTHER USES: This section contains uses of this drug that are not listed in the approved professional labeling for the drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use this drug for a condition that is listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.
This medication may also be used to prevent symptoms of asthma or to treat wheezing or sudden shortness of breath.
How to use ipratropium bromide Inhl
Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start using ipratropium and each time you get a refill. This medication is used with a special machine called a nebulizer that changes the solution to a fine mist that you inhale. Learn how to prepare the solution and use the nebulizer properly. If a child is using this medication, a parent or other responsible adult should supervise the child. If you have any questions, ask your doctor, pharmacist, or respiratory therapist.
This product should be clear and colorless. Before using, check this product visually for particles or discoloration. If either is present, do not use the liquid.
Inhale this medication into your lungs using the nebulizer as directed by your doctor, usually 3 to 4 times a day (6 to 8 hours apart). Avoid getting this medication into youreyes. It may cause eye pain/irritation, temporary blurred vision, and other vision changes. Therefore, it is recommended that you use a mouthpiece rather than a face mask with the nebulizer or that you close your eyes during use. Each treatment usually takes about 5 to 15 minutes. Use this medication only through a nebulizer. Do not swallow or inject the solution. To prevent infections, clean the nebulizer and mouthpiece/face mask according to the manufacturer's directions.
Rinse your mouth after treatment to prevent dry mouth and throat irritation.
Ipratropium may be mixed with other medications (such as albuterol) or saline if directed by your doctor. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Once a vial is opened, throw away any unused solution.
Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.
If you are directed to use this medication regularly, it works best if used at evenly spaced intervals. To help you remember, use it at the same times each day. Do not increase your dose, use this medication more often, or stop using it without first consulting your doctor.
Tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they worsen.
Learn which of your inhalers you should use every day and which you should use if your breathing suddenly worsens. Ask your doctor what to do if you have worsening cough or shortness of breath, wheezing, increased sputum, worsening peak flowmeter readings, increased use of your quick-relief inhaler, or if your quick-relief inhaler does not seem to be working well. Learn when you can self-medicate and when you should get medical help right away.
NURSE STAFFING IN CRITICAL CARE and assessment in clinical areas
NURSE STAFFING IN CRITICAL CARE and assessment in clinical areas, and link lecturers and practice educators to facilitate better support for nursing
http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/78560/001976.pdf
http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/78560/001976.pdf
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