Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Information about morbidity and mortality
gives the nurse data to identify which of the following?
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a.
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Life-span statistics
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b.
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Effectiveness of treatment
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c.
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Cost-effective treatment for general population
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d.
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High-risk age-groups for certain disorders or hazards
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ANS: D
d. Analysis of these data provides the nurse with
information about which groups of individuals are at risk for which health
problems.
a. This is a part of the mortality data.
b and c. Treatment modalities and cost are not included in
these data.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 8
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
2. From a worldwide perspective, infant
mortality in the United States:
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a.
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is the highest of the other developed nations.
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b.
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lags behind five other developed nations.
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c.
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is the lowest infant death rate of developed nations.
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d.
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lags behind 20 other developed nations.
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ANS: A
a. Although the death rate has decreased, the United States
still ranks last among nations with the lowest infant death rates.
b, c, and d. The United States has the highest infant death
rate of developed nations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 9
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
3. Which of the following is the leading cause
of death in infants younger than 1 year?
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a.
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Congenital anomalies
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b.
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Sudden infant death syndrome
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c.
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Respiratory distress syndrome
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d.
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Infections specific to the perinatal period
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ANS: A
a. Congenital anomalies account for 20.6% of deaths in
infants younger than 1 year.
b. Sudden infant death syndrome accounts for 7.7% of deaths
in this age-group.
c. Respiratory distress syndrome accounts for 3.6% of
deaths in this age-group.
d. Infections specific to the perinatal period account for
2.9% of deaths in this age-group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 9
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
4. Which of the following is the leading cause
of death among African-American boys ages 15 to 19 years?
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a.
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Suicide
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b.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
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c.
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Firearm homicide
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d.
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Occupational injuries
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ANS: C
c. This is the second overall cause of death in this
age-group, but the leading cause of death in African-American males.
a. This is the third leading cause of death in this
population.
b. Although a major health problem, this does not
contribute to a significant death rate in this population.
d. This type of injury does not contribute to a significant
death rate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 9
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
5. Which of the following is the major cause of
death for children older than 1 year?
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a.
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Cancer
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b.
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Infection
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c.
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Unintentional injuries
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d.
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Congenital abnormalities
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ANS: C
c. Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause
of death after age 1 year through adolescence.
a. This is the leading cause of death in those younger than
1 year and is less significant in this age-group.
b and d. There have been major declines in deaths
attributed to these disorders because of improved therapies.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 9
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
6. In addition to injuries, which of the
following are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years?
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a.
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Suicide, cancer
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b.
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Suicide, homicide
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c.
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Homicide, heart disease
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d.
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Drowning, cancer
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ANS: B
b. Homicide and suicide account for 22.6% of deaths in this
age-group.
a. Suicide and cancer account for 14.4% of deaths in this
age-group.
c. Homicide and heart disease account for 14.5% of deaths
in this age-group.
d. Drowning and cancer account for 2.8% of deaths in this
age-group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 9 | Page 10
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
7. Which of the following is the leading cause
of death from unintentional injuries in children?
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a.
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Poisoning
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b.
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Drowning
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c.
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Motor vehicle–related fatalities
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d.
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Fire- and burn-related fatalities
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ANS: C
c. This is the leading cause of death in children, either
as passengers or as pedestrians.
a. Poisoning is the ninth leading cause of death.
b. Drowning is the second leading cause of death.
d. Fire- and burn-related fatalities are the third leading
cause of death.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 10
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
8. Which of the following is descriptive of
deaths caused by unintentional injuries?
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a.
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More deaths occur in males.
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b.
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More deaths occur in females.
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c.
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Pattern of deaths varies widely in Western societies.
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d.
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Pattern of deaths does not vary according to age and sex.
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ANS: A
a. The majority of deaths from unintentional injuries occur
in males.
b. Males account for a greater number of deaths from
unintentional injuries.
c. The pattern of death caused by unintentional injuries is
consistent in Western societies.
d. Causes of unintentional deaths vary with age and gender.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 9
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
9. The type of injury a child is especially
susceptible to at a specific age is most closely related to which of the
following?
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a.
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Physical health of the child
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b.
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Developmental level of the child
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c.
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Educational level of the child
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d.
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Number of responsible adults in the home
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ANS: B
b. The child’s developmental stage determines the type of
injury that is likely to occur.
a. The child’s physical health may facilitate the child’s
recovery from an injury.
c. Educational level is related to developmental level, but
it is not as important as the child’s developmental level in determining the
type of injury.
d. This may affect the number of unintentional injuries,
but the type of injury will be related to the child’s developmental stage.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 4
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
10. Morbidity statistics describe which of the
following?
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a.
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The number of individuals who have died over a specific
period
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b.
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The prevalence of a specific illness in the population at
a particular time
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c.
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Disease occurring in greater than the expected number of
cases in a community
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d.
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Disease occurring regularly within a geographic location
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ANS: B
b. This is the definition of morbidity statistics.
a. This refers to mortality statistics.
c and d. These data may be extrapolated from analysis of
the morbidity statistics.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 10
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
11. Which of the following is descriptive of
morbidity in childhood?
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a.
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Morbidity does not vary with age.
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b.
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Morbidity is not distributed randomly.
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c.
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Little can be done to improve morbidity.
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d.
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Unintentional injuries do not have an effect on
morbidity.
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ANS: B
b. Morbidity is not distributed randomly in children.
Increased morbidity is associated with certain groups of children, including
children living in poverty and children who were low birth weight.
a. Morbidity does vary with age. The types of illnesses in
children are different for each age-group.
c and d. Morbidity can be decreased with interventions
focused on groups with high morbidity and on decreasing unintentional injuries,
which also affect morbidity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 10
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness, Detection of Disease
12. Which of the following is now referred to as
the “new morbidity”?
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a.
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Limitations in the major activities of daily living
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b.
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Unintentional injuries that cause chronic health problems
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c.
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Discoveries of new therapies to treat health problems
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d.
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Behavioral, social, and educational problems that alter
health
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ANS: D
d. The new morbidity reflects the behavioral, social, and
educational problems that interfere with the child’s social and academic
development. It is currently estimated that the incidence of these issues is
from 5% to 30%.
a and b. Limitations in major activities of daily living
and unintentional injuries that result in chronic health problems are included
in morbidity data.
c. Changes in outcomes based on therapies would be
reflected in changes in morbidity data over time.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 3
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health and
Wellness
13. Which of the following is most descriptive of
family-centered care?
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a.
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Reduces effect of cultural diversity on the family
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b.
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Encourages family dependence on health care system
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c.
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Recognizes that the family is the constant in a child’s
life
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d.
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Avoids expecting families to be part of the
decision-making process
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ANS: C
c. The three key components of family-centered care are
respect, collaboration, and support. Family-centered care recognizes the family
as the constant in the child’s life.
a. The nurse should support the cultural diversity of the
family, not reduce its effect.
b and d. The family should be enabled and empowered to work
with the health care system. The family is expected to be part of the
decision-making process.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 10
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Family
Systems
14. The nurse is preparing staff in-service
education about atraumatic care for pediatric patients. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include?
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a.
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Prepare the child for separation from parents during
hospitalization by reviewing a video.
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b.
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Prepare the child before any unfamiliar treatment or
procedure by demonstrating on a stuffed animal.
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c.
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Help the child accept the loss of control associated with
hospitalization.
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d.
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Help the child accept pain that is connected with a
treatment or procedure.
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ANS: B
b. Preparing the child for any unfamiliar treatments,
controlling pain, allowing privacy, providing play activities for expression of
fear and aggression, providing choices, and respecting cultural differences are
components of atraumatic care.
a. In the provision of atraumatic care, the separation of
child from parents during hospitalization is minimized.
c. The nurse should promote a sense of control for the
child.
d. Preventing and minimizing bodily injury and pain are
major components of atraumatic care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 11
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Teaching
and Learning
15. Which of the following is most suggestive
that a nurse has a nontherapeutic relationship with a patient and family?
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a.
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Staff is concerned about the nurse’s actions with the
patient and family.
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b.
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Staff assignments allow the nurse to care for same
patient and family over an extended time.
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c.
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Nurse is able to withdraw emotionally when emotional
overload occurs but still remains committed.
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d.
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Nurse uses teaching skills to instruct patient and family
rather than doing everything for them.
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ANS: A
a. An important clue to a nontherapeutic staff-patient
relationship is concern of other staff members.
b. This would be therapeutic for the patient and family.
c. By withdrawing somewhat, nurses can protect themselves
while providing therapeutic care.
d. The nurse’s role is to transition the child and family
to self-care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 12
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity: Therapeutic
Communication
16. Which of the following is most descriptive of
critical thinking?
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a.
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A simple developmental process
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b.
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Purposeful and goal directed
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c.
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Based on deliberate and irrational thought
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d.
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Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate
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ANS: B
b. Critical thinking is a complex, developmental process
based on rational and deliberate thought.
a. Critical thinking is a complex developmental process.
c. Critical thinking is based on rational and deliberate
thought.
d. When thinking is clear, precise, accurate, relevant,
consistent, and fair, a logical connection develops between the elements of
thought and the problem at hand.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 15
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment:
Management of Care
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